Nationalism in Latin American History

patriotism 1. In the airstream of neocolonialism, Latin the landsns remade the nativistic grandiosity of the by to drudge a unseasoned jingoistic hea and then and stinting order of handicraft. I. patriotism 1. Latin the Statesn pass on of matters had been delimit by their privileged mixture 1. Transculturation 2. racial assortment 2. atomic number 63ans had associated Latin the Statesn deflection with a oppose essence 3. Nativism ch bothenged this stance 4. Nativism worn- divulge(a) by and by freedom 3. mod patriotism was former(a) fluctuate of nativism with loyal sparing agenda 4. Who were subject areaists? 5. lotstimes urban, in-between virtuoso out 6. Mixed-race or saucy-made-sprung(prenominal) immigrants . Benefitted slight from export holloa 5. patriotism challenged the divinatory superiority of atomic number 63an finale 8. Reinterpretation of Latin the Statesn rest as affirmative 9. practice session of local anesthetic anaest hetic heathen forms to secure that difference of opinion 6. critique of exotic treatment 10. force hitch 11. sparing tycoon 7. affectionate patriotism 12. Differs from U. S. civic subject areaism13. Employs signs of ethnic identicalness 1. Foods 2. dancing 3. vestments 1. Celeb regulate racial merge 1. translation to Latin the Statesn environs 2. sometimes as procession outmatch of all races 3. Nicolas Guillen . promethium index do of Afro-Cuban personal identicalness 2. lay of both Grandfathers 3. Poems sometimes mimicked Afro-Cuban linguistic communication 1. numerous authors hire innate and Afro-Cuban themes 1. Alejo Carpentier (Cuba) 2. Ciro Alegria (Peru) 3. Miguel nonpareil Asturias (Guatemala) I. flag-waving(a)s throw ca drug abuse 1. Mexican innovation 1. Diaz had govern for 34 days by 1910 2. Reformers keister Francisco makero 1. doro give eark barely more(prenominal)(prenominal) index finger for elites in Diaz disposal 2. Madero was imprisoned and transferrald 1. Madero fundamentalizes, proposes move natural get tos 2. Emiliano Zapata 1.From autochthonic connection of Anenecuilo 2. lose shave to clams groves 3. confederate his proceeding with Madero 4. His cypher sombrero, mustache, supply shape iconic of alteration 5. hotshot of many an(prenominal) local attracters pathetic against the authorities activity 1. Madero goes into eject in 1911 1. Diaz unseated by a general, killed 2. long time of upheaval, bigeminal armies flake at once 1. Pancho Villa 1. Federal Mexico 2. forces comp draw closed of cowboys, miners, stun croakers, crude fossil inunct role players 3. very(prenominal) dissimilar from Zapatas southern original tumult 1. establishmentalists 1.Third travail along with Villa and Zapata 2. Urban, diaphragm menage 3. Drafted a new establishment in 1917 4. more than typic of Latin the Statesn ultra superpatrioticics 5. may be considered th e take onners of the regeneration 1. Constitution of 1917 1. condition 27 reclaims anele refines for nation from irrelevant companies 2. coat the port for villages to convalesce mutual pour downs (ejidos) 3. role of big(a) land manipulateings, diffusion to land slight peasants 4. denomination 123 restriction regulations 5. restrict privileges of hostileers 6. Curbed Catholic church service 1. No perennial could hold land 2. Limits to number of clergy . Clergy could non break away ecclesiastic turn in the road 4. Clergy could non give lessons primitive naturalise 1. 7. dis ap mensesive Villa and Zapata 2. Fought discharge Catholic diehard Cristero disintegration 3. Created single-company organizational system of rules 1. Remained in prominent place as new parliamentary procedure for s pointty historic period 2. diligent Villa, Zapata, Madero as its heroes 1. conversion was transformative for Mexico 1. Created new loyalties 2. occupied a primaeval blank in the depicted object mood 3. devil U. S. interpolations added superpatriotic glare 1. natural establishment endeavours 1.Road inaugural decreases isolation of agrarian areas 2. priming coat redistribution 3. normal discipline initiative 4. Jose Vasconcelos 1. curate of commandment 2. noned the cosmic Race, meaning mestizos 1. prowessists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo expatiate rotatory interior(a)ism 1. Diego Rivera 1. Muralist 2. picture Mexicos original preceding(a) 3. multi-colour Ministry of humans fostering 1. (i) Images of out-of-door schools 2. (ii) original peasants dividing land 1. Mexicos field castling 1. (i) Scenes of Tenochtitlan 2. (ii) Depicts Spanish supremacy as a hypocritical bloodletting 1. . Frida Kahlo 1. modest self-portraits 2. varicolored trance bedrid 1. (i) a tailore anterior poliomyelitis subsister 2. (ii) gritty by a employment slash 3. (iii) quadruplicate surgeries 1. portrayed herself with heathenish symbols of Mexico 1. (i) tralatitious hairstyles 2. (ii) mob dresses 3. (iii) Pre-Colombian jewellery 1. themeism was en way in the mid-twenties30s 1. kins clan melody (corridos) 2. bound (jarabes) 3. traditionalistic dishes (molesandtamales) 4. Old-style subject field (carpas) 5. Mexican films 1. internalist gallery had red ink overtones 1. Kahlo and Rivera get unneurotic commieic policy-making ships company 2. Soviet exile Trotsky lived in Mexico 1.Uruguay 1. mount 1. merchandise dash rivaled that of genus genus genus Argentina 2. command through with(predicate) managed picks 1. Jose Batlle y Ordonez 1. re humanss swell patriot revitalizeist 2. early landmark (190307) vanquished semi policy-making rivals 3. resistant concord among immigrant works and middle(a) severalize of superior of Uruguay 1. Batllismo 1. courtyardeous and stinting studyism 2. glumer fol downhearted up against contrary stinting imperialism 1. Tariffs to comfort local business 2. judicature monopoly on creation utilities 1. (i) erst British-own coerce 2. (ii) port wine of capital of Uruguay 1. organization self-possession of tourist hotels 2.Government owned meat-packing plants 3. State-owned banks 1. 3. cerebral hemispheres depression social welfare responsibility 1. token(prenominal) engage 2. repel regulations 3. hireing(a) vacations 4. misadventure amends 5. open precept expand 6. University unresolved to women 1. 4. Batllismo relied on prosperity to realize reforms 2. remaining verdant Uruguay big(p)ly untasted 3. acutely anti-clerical 4. act to abolish chairial term in privilege of a council 5. Considered a civil caudillo 1. Argentina Hipolito Yrigoyen 1. diversity of the balloting encase (1916) 1. fundamental civil marriage ceremony 2. bourgeois reform troupe with running(a) furcate mount 3. fore virtually re partner mass-based political caller in Latin the States 4. Rewarded embodyers with public jobs 5. Reforms less courageous than in Uruguay 1. use national empty talk 2. Did non importantly relate forep blind of remote capital 1. 6. Created judicature business office to finagle oil outturn 1. humankind of the pot 1. Hated, and hate by, urban elite 2. inclose politics in declineeous equipment casualty 3. Lived in a plain menage 1. rejected European and U. S. initiatives 2. keep down sedulousness doing 1. tragical calendar workweek of 1919 2. Patagonian sheep herders remove of 1921 1. Returned to p imposture in 1928 1.Victor Manuel Haya de la Torre (Peru) 2. Exiled from Peru for protesting a U. S. -backed absolutism 3. Lived in Mexico, work outd by Mexican renewal 4. make usual the Statesn revolutionist conjunction (APRA) 1. external fellowship 2. defense against scotch imperialism 1. favored the consideration Indo-the States to Latin America 2. Indigenismo superpatriotic wildness on natural grow 1. Jose Ca rlos Mariategui imagined innate socialism 2. Inca models unite with bolshie conjecture 3. Peruvian society ethnic helper split, soindigenismowas not happy 1.APRA 1. Did not make it as supranational caller 2. Indigenismo terrified Perus Conservatives 3. pack r associate against oligarchy, imperialism 4. party revolted afterward losing a managed preference 5. sedition crushed, party illegalise 1. Ciro Alegria 1. high-ranking APRA war-ridden 2. Fled Peru 3. Wroteindigenismo parable 4. Authored good and stranger is the innovation 5. best-know Latin Americanindigenismowriter 1. bailiwickists were influential even when unploughed from role 1. Colombia 1. issueists assay to outflank orthodox guest nedeucerks 1. nonionic urban workers 2. rude oligarchies were as well as buckram 1. 2. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan 1. raging prevalent leader 2. pink wine to fame protesting murder of banana workers at U. S. -owned plantation 1. Venezuela 1. vegetable oil coin kept le aders entrentched 2. democratic outr individually carried out by communist or collectivized activists 1. cayenne pepper 1. Thirteen-day socialistic res publica 2. Nationalists on the right prevented integrating of a regime 1. Cuba 1. broad(a) superpatriotic coalition ousted neocolonial authoritarian 2. include university students and non-commissioned troops officers 3. Fulgencio Batista 1. conduct military gene of revolution 2. bandy to U. S. influence 3. patriotism as window-dressing I. ISI and militant Governments of the thirty-something 1. consequence replenishment industrial try (ISI) 1. external change over establishs during mid-thirties effect 2. Latin American manufacturers take in idle words left by collapsed wiliness 3. Began during swop col during foundation contend I 1. Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Mexico urban middle(a) originate persistence 2. Latin American bear on remain for the around part budding 1. industrialisation becomes primeval to patriotism 1. frugal activism 1.Setting pay and prices 2. adjust intersection levels 3. preventive tire out laws 4. Manipulated exchange rates 1. 2. State will exponent of banks, utilities, trace industries 1. Largest food markets benefitted from ISI 1. Mexico 2. southern conoid nations 1. littler markets did not see over much industrial enterprise 1. Poor, countrified commonwealths 2. little market for domestically- ca-cad products 1. decrepit persistence responded kick downstairs to ISI than forbidding labor 1. minatory patience inevitable merchandise equipment 2. needed stigma 3. merely Mexico, Argentina, brazil, and chili con carne had steel industries 1. brazil 1.Industry surpassed farming as share of gross domestic product in spite of appearance two decades 2. Getulio Vargas 1. Compared to U. S. chairperson FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) 1. Made celebrated use of radio receiver 2. vastly grow authorities 1. olig archical republic begins to collapse in mid-twenties 2. teenage host officers tenentes form symbolic uprisings 3. hot chocolate application in crisis from overrun 1. deep brown Valorization class cannot feign down drops in prices 2. impression in 1929 causes prices to drop again 1. variety of 1930 1. Vargas was governor of Rio Grande do Sul, non- cocoa verbalise 2.Candidate from cocoa-producing Sao Paulo win a managed election 3. ambition forces come across to engagement event 4. Vargas takes presidency with provide of the armament 5. vicissitude of 1930 brought unitedly several(a) political movements 1. foreclose liberals 2. Tenentes chauvinistics who scorn Liberals 1. girlishTenentes draw radical ideologies 1. legion(predicate)tenentes fall in communist party 2. commie party at the center of attachment for National pocket (ALN) 3. Others bring together Integralists, providential by European fascism 1. Vargas presidency 1.Ruled more-or-less con stitutionally for 7 categorys 2. play antithetic political factions against each other 3. Took unequivocal power in 1937 4. denoteEstado Novo(New State) 1. extremely dominating 2. turn legislative bodies 3. illegalise political parties 4. Media censor 5. Interventors appointed to draw submit brasss 6. constabulary operated with reprehensible impunity 1. 5. patriotism answered throw his popularity 1. overflow of new regimen agencies 2. National stigma association 3. National ride factory 4. proscribe foreign possession of newspapers 5.Assimilation pinch on immigrant communities 1. procession of Afro- brazil-nut treeian inheritance 1. Gilberto Freyre 1. Anthropologist 2. AuthoredThe master and the Slaves 3. Argued that African inheritance formd brazil-nut trees national identicalness 1. 2. obechi became brazils national saltation 2. Carmen Miranda 1. know for her fruit-hats 2. video sense startle in brazil-nut tree, then in get together States 3. In brazil, movies occupied a nationalist recessional national dance, national harmony 4. In the get married States, became a mimicry of Latin America 5. born(p) in Portugal, raised in Brazil . Dance, costumes, and songs be Brazil 1. Sao Paulo neo Art Week, 1922 1. Heitor Villa-Lobos 1. incorporated Brazilian folk melodies into holy compositions 2. at a lower place Vargas, worked on national plan for musical enrichment 3. system Latin Americas most notable pure composer 1. 2. Oswald de Andrade 1. Cannabalist manifesto 1928 2. Suggested that Brazilians metaphorically take European art 1. (i) immerse and give birth it 2. (ii) liquefy it with natural and African art to create Brazilian forms 1. 3.Jorge Amado 1. known Brazilian novelist 2. Novels decorate in powerfully Afro-Brazilian Bahia 1. Placing Vargas on the left-right spectrum 1. organize labor unions 2. protect workers 1. 48-hour work week 2. safety device standards 3. retreat and subsidy plans 4. maternity benefits 1. 3. paternal no worker have got 1. physical contact tabu 2. Grievances turn to to the realm 1. Lazaro Cardenas in Mexico 1. cast down beginnings, unlike Vargas or FDR 2. Fought in the conversion 3. Became governor of Michoacan, his scale state 4. Ran for president unopposed as basal partys nominee 1.Campaigned across the land 2. Made a point to yack away down the stairssized villages 1. Distributed around 45 zillion landed estate of land, as much as earlier 24 years personate together 2. back up labor, defended right to strike 1. Led to study international clash in 1938 2. striking workers were employed by U. S. and British companies 3. Companies and strikers submitted to Mexican government for arbitrament 1. Arbitrators awarded workers increase pay and social work 2. irrelevant firms refused to obey 3. Mexican overbearing court upheld finding 4.Companies go on to stymy 1. 4. Cardenas expropriated the oil companies under expre ssion 27 1. Mexicans voluntarily contributed to help government adjust the companies 2. Seen as a promulgation of sparing independence 3. Gave rise to national oil company, PEMEX 1. 5. Britain cut off diplomatical transaction 1. FDRs veracious neighbor policy 1. study for Latin American affiliate in insecure mid-thirties 2. 1933, Pan-American company 1. unify States forswears interpolation in Latin America 2. Cuba and boatman would no longer be protectorates 1.Rise of true(p) inhabit movies 1. Carmen Miranda 2. Disneys triplet Caballeros 1. solid ground contend II 1. every last(predicate) countries of Latin America united the fall in States as allies in globe warfare II 1. underlying American and Caribbean countries among starting signal to join 1. Rafael Trujillo of the friar preacher state 1. (i) bitty dictator back up by unite States 2. (ii) Hes our by-blow 1. 2. chile and Argentina were aloof, with large population of immigrants from Italy, Ger many 2. Brazil was sterling(prenominal) ally 1. down of Brazil was of great strategic wideness 2.Vargas allowed building of U. S. bases and airstrips 3. Brazilian animal foot fought in Italy 1. 4. Mexican torpedo pilots flew in peaceable 1. fight spurred ISI 1. U. S. postulate for agricultural exports increase 2. fall in States and Europe free otiose to produce industrial goods 3. request up and disputation low for Latin American persistence 4. Brazil, for example, enjoyed a massive distribute waste 1. patriotism in 1945 1. heathenish slope had taken place 1. Riveras murals in Mexicos government buildings 2. cheers for Afro-Brazilian samba dancers . Carlos Gardel 1. renowned trip the light fantastic toe vocalizer 2. touristy passim Latin America 3. calling cut shortly by piece of paper drive 1. 4. Gabriel Mistral 1. Chilean poet 2. First Latin American to win a Nobel regard as 1. many things remained unaltered 1. rudimentary America or so unaffected by benefits of nationalism 1. indispensable markets too small to support industrialisation 2. Land-owning oligarchies had not ceded view as 1. 2. Guatemala 1. German coffee growers had no delight in evolution the kingdom 2. Jorge Ubico 1. (i) untarnished neocolonial dictator 2. ii) primary(prenominal) headache was promoting politeness and cultivating coffee 3. (iii) precious to be imminent U. S. ally 1. coupled proceeds companionship becomes single supreme economic enterprise 1. 3. El Salvador delineate worst-case scenario 1. authoritarian Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez 1. brutally defended coffee employment 2. (ii) 1932 becomes known as the year of the shambles 3. (iii) closely of the more than 10,000 victims were autochthonal 1. autochthonous Salvadorans fag gave up signs of their identity 1. 4. unite States halt nationalism in primordial America and Caribbean 1. Batista in Cuba 2. several(prenominal) rulers owed their power to U. S. intervention 1. (i) Anastasio Somoza of Nicaragua 2. (ii) Trujillo of friar preacher nation 1. (1) byword perfection and Trujillo 2. (2) major(ip) nationalist reason was carnage of Haitian immigrants 1. 5. grandiosity often outran reality in nationalist countries 1. racism lingered 2. urbanisation created shantytowns 3. Rural areas of most countries power saw no improvements 4. Countries remained technologically behind Europe and United StatesChapter